Lemos, F. G.; Azevedo, F. C.; De Paula, R. C.; Dalponte, J. C. 2020. Lycalopex Vetulus, Hoary Fox. The IUCN Red List Of Threatened Species. p. 1-18. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/6926/87695615
The Hoary Fox, Lycalopex vetulus, is endemic to the Cerrado of Brazil, a savanna biome under severe anthropogenic pressure and with less than 20% of its original area undisturbed. The estimated number of mature individuals is 9,840-19,200 and it is estimated that the species has undergone a decline of 10% in the last ~12 years due to the joint effects of ongoing habitat loss, road kills, killing by domestic dogs, diseases, retaliation to suspected predation of domestic fowl and high mortality of pups/juveniles, especially in unprotected regions. Hence, the species qualifies either as Near Threatened, based on nearly meeting criterion C1, or Least Concern. The current assessment is slightly precautionary in assessing the species as Near Threatened, but recognizes the uncertainty in this assessment and the possibility that the species may be Least Concern.
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